Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41250086›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2025

Global burden of noncommunicable diseases attributable to modifiable behavioral risks among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years, 1990-2021.

Yunfei Feng, Da Sun, Xuren Sun, Qiqiang Guo, Jing Zhang, Yongze Li

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yunfei Feng *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Da Sun *Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Xuren Sun *Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Qiqiang GuoThe College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. qqguo@cmu.edu.cn.
Jing ZhangSchool of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China. zhangjing1985zj@163.com.
Yongze LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. yzli87@cmu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82304201National Natural Science Foundation of China 82470826
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundModifiable behavioral risks are key drivers of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adolescents, yet their global burden and evolving trends remain underquantified. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of NCD-related mortality and disability attributable to behavioral risks among adolescents aged 10-24 years across countries and regions over three decades.

methodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we estimated age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, and summary exposure values (SEV) for NCDs attributable to drug use, alcohol use, childhood sexual abuse and bullying, unsafe sex, child and maternal malnutrition, tobacco use, and intimate partner violence. Trends were analyzed via estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

resultsIn 2021, behavioral risk factors contributed to 23,280 (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 20,960-25,530) deaths and 9.0 million (95% UI: 6.3-12.6) DALYs globally. Substance use disorders (4.4 million [95% UI: 3.3-5.6]) and mental disorders (3.9 million [95% UI: 1.9-6.9]) were the leading contributors to DALYs, while substance use disorders accounted for most deaths (13,660 [95% UI: 12,880-14,500]). Between 1990 and 2021, DALYs attributable to childhood sexual abuse and bullying and intimate partner violence increased, whereas those related to alcohol use declined despite a persistent burden (2.0 million DALYs in 2021). The global SEV for tobacco showed the sharpest decline (- 26.5%), while DALYs for drug use rose in high-SDI regions (EAPC + 3.4%). Regional disparities were pronounced, with high-income North America experiencing the heaviest burden with a DALY rate of 2140 (95% UI: 1650-2680) per 100,000, while Latin America and the Caribbean saw high alcohol use among males and drug use among females. In low- and middle-income regions, increasing trends in alcohol use and childhood sexual abuse were observed.

conclusionsThe burden of NCDs from behavioral risk factors in adolescents is substantial, with significant regional and gender disparities. Early interventions targeting alcohol use, drug use, and childhood abuse are critical, particularly in high-risk regions. Tailored public health policies and further research on additional risks, like diet and physical inactivity, are needed to address adolescent health comprehensively.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseNoncommunicable DiseasesAdolescentChildDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansMaleRisk FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersYoung AdultAdolescentsAlcohol useBullyingDrug useMental disordersNoncommunicable diseasesSexual abuseSubstance use disorders

Identifiers

PMID41250086
PMCPMC12625318

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.