ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
Analysis of related factors of biochemical pregnancy loss in single blastocyst transfer in the hormone replacement protocol frozen-thawed cycle.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Euploid sporadic miscarriage in advanced-age women is associated with reduced live birth rates in subsequent pregnancies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo identify the key factors associated with biochemical pregnancy loss (BPL) following single blastocyst transfer in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles utilizing hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 18,937 HRT-FET cycles conducted at the Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University between January 2012 and November 2024. Pregnancy outcomes were determined by serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels and transvaginal ultrasound. A total of 630 BPL cases and 9,644 clinical pregnancies (CP) were analyzed. Univariate analysis and smooth curve fitting were performed on factors such as patient age, Body Mass Index (BMI) , antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), baseline Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), embryo quality, blastocyst grading, endometrial thickness (EMT), and hormonal levels prior to endometrial transformation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of BPL, adjusting for potential confounders including age, BMI, FSH, and number of transfer cycles.
resultsUnivariate analysis revealed that increased maternal and paternal age, higher BMI, elevated estradiol levels, and Day 6 or poor-quality blastocyst transfers were positively associated with BPL (P < 0.05). Conversely, greater AFC, thicker endometrium, and higher Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels prior to transformation were associated with lower BPL risk. After adjustment, endometrial thickness emerged as a significant independent predictor (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.93, P = 0.0002). A threshold of 10 mm was identified, below which the incidence of BPL significantly increased.
conclusionIn HRT-FET single blastocyst transfer cycles, insufficient endometrial thickness is a critical risk factor for biochemical pregnancy loss. Optimization of endometrial preparation may improve clinical outcomes.
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