Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41249685›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2025

The Spectrum of Bacterial Infection in a Large Cohort of Chinese Pediatric Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Nine-year, Retrospective, Single-center Study.

Xiaodan Zhu, Pan Fu, Wenjie Wang, Wenjing Ying, Bijun Sun, Jia Hou, Xiaoying Hui, Jinqiao Sun, Chuanqing Wang, Qinhua Zhou and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaodan Zhu *Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Pan Fu *Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Wenjie WangDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Wenjing YingDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Bijun SunDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Jia HouDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Xiaoying HuiDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Jinqiao SunDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
Chuanqing WangDepartment of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China. chuanqing523@163.com.
Qinhua ZhouDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China. qinhua_zhou@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-5112-3727
Xiaochuan WangDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China. xchwang@shmu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81501419Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project ZD2021CY001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to investigate the spectrum of bacterial infections in children with inborn error of immunity (IEIs).

methodsPediatric patients with IEIs and positive for bacteria considered to be pathogenic were included in this retrospective study.

resultsIn this study, 1811 medical records of IEI inpatients were reviewed, and 243 IEI patients with 290 hospitalizations were enrolled. A total of 361 strains were detected, of which, 83 (22.99%) were gram-positive bacteria, and 278 (77.01%) were gram-negative bacteria. The main bacteria isolated from different IEI classifications were different. Patients with combined immunodeficiencies were more likely to have Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.68%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.68%) isolated. Patients with predominant antibody deficiencies were more prone to the isolation of Haemophilus influenzae (31.82%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (13.64%). Patients with congenital defects of phagocytes were more frequently associated with the isolation of K. pneumoniae (16.84%) and Escherichia coli (11.58%). Patients with different classifications of IEI were susceptible to specific bacteria. Salmonella was often isolated from patients with defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (4.23%), and Staphylococcus aureus was often isolated from patients with combined immunodeficiencies with syndromic features (5.52%). The percentages of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, carbapenem-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii in IEI patients were55.57%, 38.10%, 25.71%, 25.81%, and 70.59%, respectively, and these values were greater than those in non-IEI patients.

conclusionChildren with IEIs exhibit a unique spectrum of bacterial infections. Bacteria isolated from children with IEIs have high antimicrobial resistance.

Indexed as

Bacterial InfectionsAdolescentBacteriaChildChild, PreschoolChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleRetrospective StudiesAntimicrobial resistanceBacterial infectionBacterial spectrumInborn errors of immunity

Identifiers

PMID41249685
PMCPMC12628442

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.