ArticleScientific reports2025
Evaluating the ciprofloxacin potentiation efficacy of repurposed drug flupentixol through efflux pump inhibition of pathogenic bacteria.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Ciprofloxacin Derivatives: Emerging Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance.Topics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2026Review
- Review
- Screening ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance concerning burdens is increasing day by day. Efflux pump upregulation is one of the mechanisms through which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. To overcome this escalating problem in healthcare, repurposing existing drugs as efflux pump inhibitors in combination with antibiotics can help mitigate the growing resistance issue worldwide. In our study, we investigated the efflux pump inhibiting capability of the repurposed drug flupentixol in combination with different classes of antibiotics. In vitro combination susceptibility testing (disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC), in vivo shigellosis mouse model, and in silico study (molecular docking and simulation) were investigated. Ciprofloxacin-flupentixol yield promising in vitro results against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923, and Shigella boydii AL 17,313. The clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin-flupentixol was evaluated in the shigellosis mouse model. Clinical parameters, including percentage changes in body weight, total white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were evaluated. In vivo findings supported the use of this combination in reducing the body's inflammatory state. Molecular docking and simulation study targeted the efflux pump proteins NorA (PDB ID: 7LO8), MexA Protein (PDB ID: 6IOK), and AcrB (PDB ID: 4CDI), to investigate the efflux pump inhibiting capability of flupentixol. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the protein-flupentixol complex over 100 ns, supporting that flupentixol synergizes with ciprofloxacin by inhibiting the NorA efflux pump.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.