Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41249271›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Experimental evaluation and constitutive modelling of cervical spine ligaments under low and high strain rates.

Radosław Wolny, Tomasz Wiczenbach, Lukasz Pachocki, Angela Andrzejewska-Sroka, Agnieszka Sabik, Błażej Meronk, Karol Daszkiewicz, Magdalena Rucka, Wojciech Witkowski, Edyta Spodnik and 4 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Radosław WolnyDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Tomasz WiczenbachDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland. tomasz.wiczenbach@pg.edu.pl.
Lukasz PachockiDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Angela Andrzejewska-SrokaDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Agnieszka SabikDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Błażej MeronkDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Karol DaszkiewiczDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Magdalena RuckaDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Wojciech WitkowskiDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
Edyta SpodnikDivision of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland.
Jan Henryk SpodnikDivision of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland.
Ilya KrypetsDivision of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland.
Piotr ŁuczkiewiczII Clinic of Orthopaedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland.
Krzysztof WildeDepartment of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2020/37/B/ST8/03231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the paper the mechanical behavior under low (0.5 s⁻¹) and high-strain rate (50 s⁻¹) of four human cervical spine ligaments, anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), ligamentum flava (LF), and capsular ligament (CL), harvested from elderly donors (70-90 years) is investigated. Results highlight that the PLL, LF, and CL exhibit statistically significant increases in stiffness and elastic modulus under high-strain loading. An increase in the failure force was observed only for the PLL and LF at 50 s⁻¹. Meta-regression analyses revealed that age exerts a negative influence on certain mechanical parameters, emphasizing the need for age-matched biomechanical data in both clinical and computational studies. A visco-hyperelastic constitutive model was fitted to the experimental stress-stretch curves, capturing both low-strain and high-strain rate responses with high goodness-of-fit metrics. Presented results advance understanding of ligament mechanics in older populations and offer valuable data for improving mathematical models aimed at injury prediction, particularly for high-impact events.

Indexed as

Cervical VertebraeLigamentsModels, BiologicalStress, MechanicalAgedAged, 80 and overBiomechanical PhenomenaElastic ModulusFemaleHumansLongitudinal LigamentsMaleBiomechanicsHuman cervical spine ligamentsStrain‑rate dependent mechanical propertiesVisco-hyperelastic constitutive law

Identifiers

PMID41249271
PMCPMC12623728

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.