ArticleBMJ open2025
Use of the National Health Insurance among beneficiaries in Maluku province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 social health insurance sample data.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Residents' preference trade-offs for critical illness insurance scheme design: a discrete choice experiment in Shandong Province, China.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study examined factors associated with the use of Indonesia's National Health Insurance (NHI) among its beneficiaries in Maluku province.
designCross-sectional study.
settingThe individual-level data were derived from the 2021 Social Health Insurance Sample Data. National health reports of Indonesia were used to provide the district-level variables. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with NHI use among its beneficiaries in Maluku province. PARTICIPANT: Data were collected from 31 517 NHI beneficiaries registered in Maluku. PRIMARY OUTCOME: The primary outcome was the use of NHI insurance when accessing healthcare services (yes/no).
resultsOnly 14.79% of NHI beneficiaries in Maluku had ever used their insurance for healthcare services. Individual factors associated with higher NHI use included being under 60 years, females (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.29, p<0.001), married (aOR=1.83, p<0.001) and having non-subsidised insurance (aOR=1.12, p<0.001). At the district level, higher usage was associated with increased rates of joint diseases (aOR=1.19, p<0.001), hypertension (aOR=1.81, p<0.001), diarrhoea (aOR=1.24, p<0.001) and a higher doctor-to-population ratio (aOR=1.01, p<0.001). A reduced likelihood of NHI use was found in beneficiaries living in the districts with high rates of acute respiratory infections (aOR=0.86, p<0.001) and with a high fiscal capacity (aOR=0.14, p<0.001).
conclusionStrengthening primary healthcare accessibility, improving the distribution of healthcare workers and addressing socioeconomic and geographical disparities are essential to ensure that the NHI scheme achieves equitable use across all regions in Maluku and other areas with similar settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.