Trial reportBMJ open2025
Effectiveness of SMS reminders to increase demand for HPV immunisation: a randomised controlled trial in Georgia.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05536674 (Design, Test and Evaluate Behavioural Insights Interventions to Strengthen Demand for Immunisation in Georgia), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Design, Test and Evaluate Behavioural Insights Interventions to Strengthen Demand for Immunisation in Georgia
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the effects of behaviourally informed short message service (SMS) reminders on demand for human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation.
designIndividually randomised, five-group, controlled parallel trial.
settingA country-wide trial in Georgia.
participants55 176 girls aged 10-12, the entire population of unvaccinated girls of this age in the country, for whom there existed caregiver contact details.
interventionGirls were randomised into five arms (four with n=11 035, with one n=11 036). Caregivers of the girls in four of the arms (treatment groups) were sent different versions of an SMS reminder (SMSR), reminding them that the girl was due to receive the HPV vaccine. The control group was sent no SMSR. OUTCOME: The primary outcome was a girl's HPV vaccination status at the end of the trial. BLINDING: Girls and their caregivers were blinded to group assignment. NUMBERS ANALYSED: The number of participants analysed in the four treatment groups was 10,784, 10,802, 10,794 and 10,820, with 10 828 analysed in the control group.
resultsEach of the SMSRs was more effective than the control (no reminder) in encouraging HPV vaccination. Girls whose caregiver(s) were sent version 3 had 65% greater odds of receiving the vaccine relative to the control group (OR=1.65; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.97). Among girls whose caregivers received version 1, version 2 and version 4 of the SMS, the odds of receiving the HPV vaccine were respectively 42% (OR=1.42; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.70), 34% (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.61) and 35% (OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.62) higher compared with the girls in the control arm.
conclusionsWe find a positive and statistically significant effect for each version of the SMSR, relative to the control condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05536674.
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