Primary hyaline vascular Castleman disease in the kidney: a report and brief literature review.

Castleman disease is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder that usually involves lymph nodes but can rarely present in extranodal sites. We describe an unusual case of Castleman disease exclusively involving the kidney. The authors also briefly discuss previously documented clinicopathological and radiological characteristics associated with Castleman disease of the kidney.We report a case of a 57-year-old female who presented with persistent abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a 1.8-cm nodule in the upper pole of the left kidney with no evidence of systemic lymphadenopathy. A nephrectomy was performed due to concerns for a primary renal neoplasm. Histopathological evaluation was consistent with hyaline vascular Castleman disease of the kidney (unicentric). The patient has remained stable for the past 3 years with no new development of lesions.Primary Castleman disease of the kidney is an uncommon entity that can present with various clinical and radiological features. Our case, along with previously reported cases, highlights the diagnostic challenges of these lesions, especially in distinguishing them from primary renal neoplasms during radiological evaluation. A comprehensive clinical and histopathological assessment is essential for establishing a diagnosis.