ReviewAntonie van Leeuwenhoek2025
Advances in combating antimicrobial resistance in MRSA: a comprehensive review on nanotechnology and phage therapy.
Review in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biological Characteristics and Whole-Genome Analysis of Three Morphologically DistinctMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- CRISPR-driven strategies to disrupt methicillin-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global public health concern owing to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. To overcome this challenge, innovative strategies such as nanotechnology and phage therapy have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antimicrobial treatments.
methodsThis review explores the dual approach of using nanoparticles (NPs) and bacteriophages to treat MRSA. NPs, such as silver, gold, and zinc oxide, exhibit antimicrobial effects through mechanisms including membrane disruption, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and biofilm degradation. Phage therapy uses bacteriophages for the targeted lysis of MRSA. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing targeting the mecA gene and efflux pump inhibition strategies are discussed as adjunctive therapies for MRSA infections.
resultsStudies have shown that synergistic nanocomposites can enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics against resistant strains. Engineered phages have demonstrated expanded host ranges, improved biofilm degradation, and resistance evasion to these mechanisms. ROS production by nanoparticles leads to oxidative stress and bacterial death. Blocking bacterial efflux pumps increases intracellular drug retention and improves therapeutic outcomes. DISCUSSION: The combination of nanotechnology and phage therapy offers a complementary approach, with nanotechnology providing broad-spectrum activity and phages providing specificity and adaptability to the host. Challenges such as nanoparticle toxicity, environmental impact, and potential phage resistance require interdisciplinary research efforts and improved regulatory frameworks.
conclusionIntegrating advanced nanotechnology and phage therapy into healthcare systems could transform the MRSA treatment landscape. Future research guided by systems biology and personalized medicine principles will be crucial for mitigating antimicrobial resistance and ensuring equitable access to novel therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.