Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41247409›Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2026

MEGA 12.1: Cross-Platform Release for macOS and Linux Operating Systems.

Glen Stecher, Michael Suleski, Qiqing Tao, Koichiro Tamura, Sudhir Kumar

Abstract readLetter
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Diversification of biofilm architecture among freshwaterApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
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  8. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology · 2026
    Article
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  11. Giant viruses encode vitamin K-based redox modules for lipid modification.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Research Advances in Plant Pyruvate Kinase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Extracts fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Glen StecherInstitute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
Michael SuleskiInstitute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
Qiqing TaoInstitute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
Koichiro TamuraDepartment of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan. ktamura@tmu.ac.jp.
Sudhir KumarInstitute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA. s.kumar@temple.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8212

Funding

Methods For Evolutionary Genomics AnalysisR35GM139540 · NIGMS · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH · PI Sudhir Kumar · 2021 to 2026
$2.9M
Directorate for Biological Sciences 2318917Directorate for Biological Sciences 2505985NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM139540NIGMS NIH HHS R35GM139540-05
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is widely used for molecular evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses. We present MEGA version 12.1, a cross-platform release that operates natively on macOS (Intel and Apple M-series processors) and modern Linux distributions. This version incorporates all the methodological and computational improvements of MEGA 12 for Microsoft Windows, including techniques that markedly reduce computational time during maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. These features include a filtered best-fit ML model test that bypasses evaluating derivative models unlikely to be optimal, an adaptive bootstrap test of phylogeny that automatically determines the necessary number of replicates, and fine-grained parallelization of ML algorithms for better multi-core performance. MEGA 12.1 has an enhanced graphical user interface, supporting high-resolution displays and improving analysis progress reporting and result visualization. A significant addition in MEGA 12.1 is an improved Calibration Editor that integrates seamlessly with the TimeTree database of molecular divergence times for easy retrieval of calibration points for molecular dating. This version also supports full cross-platform session file compatibility, allowing seamless sharing of analysis sessions across macOS, Linux, and Windows. These updates enhance accessibility, computational efficiency, and usability of MEGA across diverse computing environments. MEGA 12.1 is available for free at https://www.megasoftware.net.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyEvolution, MolecularSoftwareAlgorithmsLikelihood FunctionsPhylogenyUser-Computer InterfaceCross-platformLinuxMacOSMolecular evolutionPhylogenomicsSoftwareTimeTree

Identifiers

PMID41247409
PMCPMC13227079

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.