Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41247162›Full record

ArticleItalian journal of food safety2026

Mycotoxins in European Union Regulations (2023-2025).

Sara Vitalini, Marcello Iriti, Lisa Vallone

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Italian journal of food safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sara VitaliniDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan.
Marcello IritiDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan.
Lisa ValloneDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, mainly from the Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera, under specific temperature and humidity conditions. They can enter the food chain through contaminated plant-based foods (e.g., cereals, legumes, dried fruits, herbs) and animal-derived products (e.g., meat, dairy, eggs, honey) due to contaminated feed. This study analyzes the current European Union regulatory framework for mycotoxins, focusing on Regulation (EU) No. 915/2023 and subsequent amendments [Regulations (EU) No. 1022/2024, 1038/2024, 1756/2024, 1808/2024, 89/2025, and 691/2025] that define maximum levels and sampling procedures. Regulated mycotoxins include aflatoxins (B1, total B1+B2+G1+G2, M1), ochratoxin A, patulin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, citrinin, and Claviceps spp. alkaloids. The study highlights key updates in legislation, their impact on monitoring and compliance, and the need for ongoing research in the context of climate change to safeguard food safety and protect vulnerable populations.

Indexed as

animal nutritionhuman nutritionregulatory updatesSecondary metabolites

Identifiers

PMID41247162
PMCPMC12903694

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.