Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41247101›Full record

SynthesisThe oncologist2026

Best therapeutic approach in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer based on disease volume: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Fabrizio Di Costanzo, Chiara Mercinelli, Alessio Signori, Carlo Messina, Vincenza Conteduca, Giovanni Dima, Matteo Santoni, Luigi Formisano, Christoph Oing, Giuseppe Fornarini and 12 more

Abstract readNetwork Meta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The oncologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Fabrizio Di CostanzoDepartment of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Chiara MercinelliDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Milan, Italy.
Alessio SignoriDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Carlo MessinaOncology Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Civico, Palermo, Italy.
Vincenza ConteducaUnit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, and CREATE Center for Research and Innovation Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6921-714X
Giovanni DimaMedical Oncology Unit 2, Santa-Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
Matteo SantoniMedical Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
Luigi FormisanoDepartment of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Christoph OingTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Giuseppe FornariniIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Sara Elena RebuzziOspedale San Paolo, Medical Oncology, Savona, Italy.
Orazio CaffoMedical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
Giuseppe Luigi BannaPortsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
Ugo De GiorgiUniversity Oncology Unit, University of Salento Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy.
Giuseppe ProcopioGenito-Urinary Medical Oncology, IRCCS Foundation Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Francesco MontorsiVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Alberto BrigantiVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2178-0494
Luca GalliMedical Oncology Unit 2, Santa-Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
Massimo Di MaioDepartment of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8906-3785
Andrea NecchiDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3007-2756
Brigida Anna MaioranoDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5423-3158
Pasquale RescignoTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextWith new treatment strategies approved in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), heterogeneity across trials hinders the physicians' choice for first-line treatment.

objectiveWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of currently approved treatments for mHSPC stratifying patients according to their disease burden (high- vs. low-volume as per CHAARTED criteria) and onset of metastatic disease (synchronous vs. metachronous).

interventionEleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until October 30, 2024 were included. Treatment regimens were grouped as triplets for combinations of docetaxel, androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), separate doublets for docetaxel plus ADT, ARPI plus ADT, or monotherapy for ADT alone. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Overall survival (OS) and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) outcomes were collected. OS as primary endpoint, and rPFS as secondary endpoint, were analyzed separately in high- and low-volume patients. Additional subgroup analyses accounted for timing of metastases categorized as high-volume/synchronous, high-volume/metachronous, low-volume/synchronous, and low-volume/metachronous disease. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Triplet combinations prolonged significantly OS and rPFS in high-volume disease (P-score 0.99), and high-volume/synchronous disease (P-score 0.99). ARPI/ADT doublets performed best in low-volume patients (P-score 0.94), and low-volume/metachronous (P-score 0.99). In the high-volume/metachronous population, triplets, and doublets were equally effective.

conclusionsThe results provide collective evidence for treatment selection based on disease volume and timing of metastasis with strongest survival benefits of triplets for high-volume/synchronous mHSPC patients and of ARPI doublets for low-volume disease.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsProstatic NeoplasmsAndrogen AntagonistsHumansMaleNeoplasm MetastasisTumor BurdenAndrogen Antagonistsapalutamidedarolutamideenzalutamidelow volume versus high volumemHSPCsynchronous versus metachronous

Identifiers

PMID41247101
PMCPMC12832964

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.