ArticleJournal of oral rehabilitation2026
Does Frequency of Temporomandibular Disorders Pain Influence on Physical and Emotional Function?
Article in Journal of oral rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychometric Evidence on the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Scoping Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Does Frequency of Temporomandibular Disorders Pain Influence on Physical and Emotional Function?Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPain frequency is considered an important aspect of pain chronicity, linked to heightened pain and psychosocial distress. In the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP), temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are classified as frequent (FR, 1-14 days/month) and highly frequent (HF, ≥ 15 days/month), but whether this is clinically relevant is unknown.
objectivesThis retrospective study aimed to examine differences in FR and HF TMD patients regarding demographics, diagnostics, characteristic pain intensity (CPI) and disability (GCPS), jaw function (JFLS), psychosocial variables (depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing (PCS) and somatic symptoms) and oral-health-related quality of life (OHIP-5).
methodsRecords of 208 patients with either FR or HF TMD pain (ICOP), were included. All patients had been examined according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) axis I and axis II. Univariate statistics were used to compare FR and HF TMD, and multivariate statistics to identify variables differentiating HF from FR TMD (p < 0.05).
resultsArthralgia and degenerative joint disease were more common in HF TMD compared to FR (p = 0.004 and p = 0.010). HF TMD had higher CPI (p < 0.001), JFLS (p < 0.001), PCS (p < 0.001) and OHIP-5 (p < 0.001) scores. Higher CPI, GCPS, PCS, JFLS and OHIP-5 distinguished HF from FR TMD patients (p < 0.05).
conclusionHF TMD patients showed increased pain intensity, disability, catastrophizing jaw functional limitations, and reduced quality of life distinguishing them from FR TMD patients. This study is the first to demonstrate the clinical relevance of the ICOP frequency-based classification of TMD, highlighting its importance in the risk assessment and management of these patients.
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