ArticleCureus2025
Refractory Antiphospholipid Syndrome With Thoracic Outlet and Superior Vena Cava Syndromes: A Complex Case of Recurrent Thrombosis.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) are rare and debilitating conditions that can cause vascular compression, hypercoagulable states, and central venous obstruction. This is the case of a 39-year-old female with treatment-resistant antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), hereditary angioedema (HAE), and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) complicated by SVCS and venous TOS. Her clinical course was further challenged by recurrent venous thromboembolism with treatment failure on multiple direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), with warfarin being the only effective medication. Furthermore, the patient experienced several thrombotic events, which included: left subclavian vein thrombosis, recurrent deep vein thromboses (DVTs), and septic thrombophlebitis (methicillin-sensitive
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