ArticleOpen veterinary journal2025
Age-related serological response to H9N2 infection in southwest Tripoli, Libya.
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Avian influenza virus H9N2 is a low-pathogenic subtype that causes respiratory disease and economic losses in poultry and carries zoonotic potential. The virus is endemic across Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, often exacerbated by co-infections with other pathogens. In Libya, H9N2 was first detected in 2006, but data on age-related immune responses in broilers remain limited. Aim: This study investigated the age-related serological response to H9N2 in southwest Libyan broiler flocks to provide baseline data for vaccination and control programs. Methods: A total of 342 blood samples were collected from six unvaccinated broiler flocks. Antibodies against influenza A were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and H9N2-specific antibodies were measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Results: The seropositivity for influenza A increased with age (30%, 52%, and 100% at 10, 24, and 38 days, respectively). The positivity rates for H9N2 were 0%, 22%, and 72%. The progressive increase confirms the active field circulation and endemicity of H9N2. The absence of detectable antibodies at 10 days indicates strong maternal antibody interference. Conclusion: H9N2 is endemic in Libyan broiler flocks, with continuous exposure reflecting age-dependent seroconversion. Vaccination after the age of 10 days may optimize immune protection by reducing maternal antibody interference. Continuous surveillance and molecular monitoring are essential for guiding effective national control measures and assessing zoonotic risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.