ReviewTurkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi2025
Application of biological and green nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: techniques for the effective removal of dyes, heavy metals, and organic pollutants.
Review in Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/aim: Wastewater from industrial, agricultural, and residential sources poses significant environmental and public health risks due to the presence of dyes, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. Conventional treatment methods are often inadequate for the complete removal of these pollutants. Therefore, the development of sustainable, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient treatment techniques has become increasingly important. The aim of this review is to evaluate the application of biological and green nanomaterials in wastewater treatment and to compare their effectiveness against different types of pollutants (dyes, heavy metals, and organics). Materials and methods: This review provides detailed information on the removal of various pollutants from wastewater using green and biological nanomaterials, particularly based on articles published in recent years. The review examines the structures, synthesis methods, and application areas of biopolymers, metals, metal oxides, carbon-based, and polymer-structured nanomaterials synthesized using plant extracts and microorganism-supported systems. In addition, the integration of these nanomaterials with mechanisms such as adsorption, photocatalysis, bioseparation, and membrane filtration is discussed. Results: Green and biological nanomaterials demonstrate high performance in the removal of various pollutants owing to their low toxicity, large surface area, and diverse functional groups. The synthesis of these nanomaterials using biological agents both reduces environmental impact and enhances their purification capacity. However, further research and innovation are required regarding scale-up, long-term stability, reusability, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: Biological and green nanomaterials represent promising alternatives for sustainable wastewater treatment. This review summarizes the current status of these materials and provides guidance for future research. Multidisciplinary approaches and expanded pilot-scale studies are essential to accelerate the transition toward industrial applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.