Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41246135›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes research2025

Impact of a Nurse Practitioner-Led Diabetes Program on Barriers to CGM Use in a Federally Qualified Health Center After Medicaid Expansion.

Ligaya Docena Scarlett, Walter Solorzano, Katayoun Khoshbin, Giuliana Perini Villanueva, Kathyana Santiago Mangual, Marielle Tavares, Cynthia Santana, Bryan Escobar, Joseph Borrell, Beatrice Brumley and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ligaya Docena ScarlettVenice Family Clinic, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7400-2612
Walter SolorzanoVenice Family Clinic, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-4342
Katayoun KhoshbinDepartment of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Giuliana Perini VillanuevaDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Kathyana Santiago MangualDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5079-941X
Marielle TavaresSchool of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Cynthia SantanaDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Bryan EscobarDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Joseph BorrellDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Beatrice BrumleyDepartment of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Tannaz MoinDepartment of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-6641
Estelle EverettDepartment of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-296X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) enhance diabetes management, but disparities exist, particularly among underserved populations in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). In 2022, a California Medicaid policy change expanded CGM coverage, providing an opportunity to better evaluate barriers to CGM use within primary care in an FQHC. Methods: We used 2022-2023 electronic health record (EHR) data to identify adults with diabetes managed on insulin within a nurse practitioner-led diabetes program in primary care. Patients were categorized as current, former, or never CGM users. We used summary statistics, chi-squared, and Bartlett's tests to assess unadjusted group differences and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with former or never use. All patients were invited to complete a survey on CGM facilitators and barriers. Results: Among 275 eligible patients, 109 (40%) were current CGM users, 31 (11%) former users, and 135 (49%) never users. Discussions on CGM occurred in 45% of never users, who were more likely to have non-Medicaid insurance, fewer than five clinic visits (OR 3.69, 95% CI: 1.94-6.99), and a lower baseline A1C (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52-0.86). No demographic or clinical factors were associated with former CGM use. Among survey respondents ( Conclusions: Medicaid policy expansion reduced major structural barriers to CGM use, yet some patient-related barriers persisted. Team-based care models integrating health educators and advanced practice providers can successfully support CGM access and sustained use in underserved populations.

Indexed as

Blood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes MellitusMedicaidNurse PractitionersAdultAgedBlood GlucoseCaliforniaElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrimary Health CareUnited StatesBlood GlucoseCGMcontinuous glucose monitoringfederally qualified healthcare centersFQHC

Identifiers

PMID41246135
PMCPMC12615025

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.