Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41246094›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Global burden and projections of breast cancer incidence and mortality to 2050: a comprehensive analysis of GLOBOCAN data.

Omar Freihat, David Sipos, Arpad Kovacs

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. In vitro study and in silico reveal Teucrium Polium L. methanolic extract as an apoptosis inducer and a potential Bcl-2 inhibitor for breast cancer.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
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  14. Special Issue: Toxicity of Metals, Metal-Based Drugs, and Microplastics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Omar FreihatDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
David SiposCollege of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary.
Arpad KovacsDepartment of Oncoradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a leading global health challenge, exhibiting significant regional disparities in incidence, mortality, and survival outcomes. This study analyzed the burden of breast cancer in 2022 and projects its future impact by 2050 using GLOBOCAN data. Methods: Incidence and mortality data for breast cancer from 2022 were analyzed across continents, age group, HDI and countries categories. The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) from 2018 to 2022 was calculated to project cases and deaths for 2050. Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios (MIR) were computed to assess survival disparities. Results: In 2022, Asia accounted for the highest breast cancer incidence (985,817 cases), followed by Europe (557,532) and Northern America (306,307). Africa recorded the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of 0.510, highlighting challenges in early detection and treatment. By 2050, global breast cancer cases are projected to exceed 6 million, with Asia, experiencing the most significant rise (2.0 million cases) followed by Africa (1.118 million cases), followed by. Mortality is expected to rise proportionally, with Asia (484,468) and Africa (390,695 deaths) and bearing the largest burden. The MIR for 2050 shows marked disparities, with Africa (0.35) and Asia (0.25) remaining elevated compared to Europe (0.20) and Northern America (0.13). Conclusion: The projected rise in breast cancer incidence and mortality highlights the urgent need for region-specific interventions. Targeted strategies focusing on early detection, improved access to treatment, and reduction of modifiable risk factors are essential, particularly in transitioning economies where disparities remain stark.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthAdultAgedFemaleForecastingHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedMortalitybreast cancerglobal burdenincidencemortalityprojections

Identifiers

PMID41246094
PMCPMC12611818

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.