Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41245961›Full record

ArticleJournal of human kinetics2025

Effects of Apnoea versus Normal Breathing on Physiological Responses during High-Intensity Interval Training in Swimming.

Pinelopi Liapaki, Helen Soultanakis, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Stamatis Mourtakos, Spyros Zakynthinos

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Pinelopi LiapakiMedical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5602-8131
Helen SoultanakisHuman and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ioannis Kalomenidis1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
Vicente Javier Clemente-SuárezFaculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-2801
Stamatis MourtakosSchool of Medicine, Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Spyros ZakynthinosSchool of Medicine, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this research was to examine the impact of conventional breathing versus apnoea technique on acid-base equilibrium, physiological reactions, and performance throughout high-intensity interval training sessions in swimming. Two groups of sixteen athletes completed 6 x 50-m intervals of freestyle swimming with normal breathing and apnoea at maximum intensity, with a 1-min rest interval. Capillary blood gasses (pH, PCO

Indexed as

acid-baseaquatic sportssprint

Identifiers

PMID41245961
PMCPMC12612829

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.