ArticleEClinicalMedicine2025
Impact of HIV and hospitalization on the incidence of subsequent rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis after initiation of first-line tuberculosis treatment: a retrospective cohort study in South Africa.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) may have a higher risk of acquired rifampicin-resistance during first-line tuberculosis (TB) treatment, potentially driving the multi-drug or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) epidemic. Nosocomial transmission may further elevate MDR/RR-TB risk. We assessed the impact of HIV and hospitalization on subsequent MDR/RR-TB diagnosis among individuals starting first-line TB treatment. Methods: The retrospective cohort included individuals with laboratory-confirmed rifampicin-susceptible TB (RS-TB), who started TB treatment (2013-2021). Subsequent TB diagnoses (MDR/RR-TB and RS-TB) over 2 years' follow-up from TB treatment initiation were assessed. Routine health service data utilized. Findings: A total of 190,945 individuals were included; median age 34.0 (interquartile range (IQR), 25.5-44.9); 79,160 (42%) female and 69,636 (37%) PLHIV. Overall, 6870 (9.9%) PLHIV and 9342 (7.7%) HIV-negative individuals were diagnosed with recurrent TB within 24 months. Rifampicin drug susceptibility testing was available for 5354 (77.9%) and 8154 (87.3%) PLHIV and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. PLHIV with advanced HIV (cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) <200 cells/μl) (adjusted-hazard ratio (HR) 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.60-3.15) and individuals hospitalized (adjusted-HR 2.76, 95% CI, 2.50-3.05) for ≥1 week had significantly increased MDR/RR-TB risk compared to HIV-negative and non-hospitalized individuals, respectively. PLHIV had a higher risk of MDR/RR-TB relative to all other recurrent TB, regardless of CD4. Interpretation: This study suggests that PLHIV may have an increased risk of both acquiring rifampicin-resistance during TB treatment and re- or super-infection with already resistant Funding: The study received no funding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.