ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Clinical efficacy and safety of tripterygium wilfordii glycosides in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Natural products against renal fibrosis: molecular mechanisms, safety concerns, and translational perspectives.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Glycoside Compounds from Blood-Nourishing Chinese Medicinal Herbs: Structural Characteristics, Pharmacological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential for Thrombocytopenia.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of different immunosuppressive agents in patients with calcineurin inhibitor-dependent primary membranous nephropathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, with current immunosuppressive therapies often limited by incomplete efficacy, significant toxicity, and high cost. Extracts from Tripterygium wilfordii, particularly its glycosides (TWG), have emerged as a potential alternative with immunomodulatory properties. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of TWG in the treatment of IMN. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases from inception to September 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing TWG with standard therapies were included. Risk ratios (RR) and standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using a random-effects model. Results: This meta-analysis incorporated 20 studies (1,789 patients). TWG significantly improved the total response rate (RR = 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.44), complete remission rate (RR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.13-2.90), and reduced 24-h urinary protein (SMD = -2.09; 95% CI: 3.46 to -0.71) and recurrence risk (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37-0.86). However, the evidence was characterized by high heterogeneity (I Conclusion: TWG may represent a beneficial therapeutic strategy for IMN, potentially improving remission rates and reducing proteinuria. However, the conclusiveness of these findings is constrained by the high risk of bias in the primary studies, substantial heterogeneity, and inadequate safety reporting. Future robust, multi-regional RCTs are required to definitively establish its efficacy and safety profile.
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