ArticleFrontiers in toxicology2025
Montmorillonite-based essential oil carrier and its effects on non-target species: an environmental perspective on its risk assessment.
Article in Frontiers in toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Invasive plant species for sustainable security and agricultural biocontrol: integrating allelopathic essential oils and defensive barriers.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Essential oils (EO), rich in bioactive metabolites with biocidal activity, present great potential for agricultural applications as new biopesticides. However, their high volatility and sensitivity to environmental conditions limits their application. To address these limitations, nanotechnology-based formulations have been developed, incorporating EO into natural clays such as montmorillonite (MMT). Due to its colloidal properties, high adsorption capacity, and modifiable surface, MMT serves as an effective carrier for stabilizing EO while controlling their release. Besides aiming to enhance EO efficacy, these MMT-based formulations also aim to minimize EO toxicity to non-target organisms. Materials and methods: In this study, the toxicity of Results: Among the tested species, Discussion: These findings suggest that the nanoclay-EO formulation did not reduce the toxicity of SM EO, and in some cases, may even raise ecotoxicological concerns, particularly for aquatic and soil invertebrates. This study highlights the importance of detailed ecotoxicological evaluations of biopesticide formulations based on plant-based and materials as essential oils, and other natural materials, as they cannot be assumed as safe compounds. To the best of our knowledge ecotoxicological data is limited for most of the EO including some that already in the market. Based on these results, the concentrations to be tested for efficacy against target organism (safe to non-target organism) should be lower than 0.007 mg mL
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Registered trials
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