ReviewiScience2025
Flexible dry electrodes for electrocardiographic monitoring: Working principles, design strategies, and recent advances.
Review in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioimpedance: From Body Composition Assessment to Emerging Technologies in Clinical Nutrition.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Interval-Level Validation of a Wearable Dry-Electrode ECG Biosensor Platform: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Biosensors · 2026Article
- DCPA-SNN, Direct-Coding-Physics-Aware Spiking Neural Network: A Framework for Wearable ECG Denoising Under Dynamic-Noise Conditions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Wearable Flexible Sensors for Cardiovascular Disease Monitoring.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Wrinkle-Adaptive Kirigami Wearables With Anisotropic Deformability for Sleep EEG Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Data-Driven Material Selection for Flexible Wearable Sensors Under Environmental Coupling Conditions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tactical-Grade Wearables and Authentication Biometrics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Free-Standing to Textile Electrodes: Carbonaceous Biocompatible Material for Wearable Sensing.Healthcare technology lettersArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal relies heavily on electrode performance, where flexible electronic materials play a crucial role. Flexible dry electrodes (FDEs), characterized by their skin-like Young's modulus and adhesion to biological interfaces, have emerged as an ideal solution for long-term, dynamic ECG monitoring. To fully explore their potentialities, an in-depth understanding of their working principles of both single-lead and multi-lead ECG monitoring systems is deeply examined, together with various ECG leads and electrode suitability. The design strategies for FDEs are analyzed, focusing on material selection and structural optimization and their impact on electrode performance. Furthermore, cutting-edge advances, such as e-skin/tattoo electrodes, textile-based electrodes, and microarray electrodes, are highlighted, emphasizing their clinical and practical significance. Finally, challenges in signal stability, environmental adaptability, and long-term usability are discussed, and the future directions for next-gen ECG monitoring solutions are proposed. This review aims to outline a roadmap for developing high-performance, user-centered ECG electrodes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.