Determination of minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of reduced graphene oxide-functionalized methylene blue for root canal disinfection: An in-vitro study.

Rizwan Jouhar, Mohamad Syahrizal Halim, Sayed A Quadri, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed

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Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 authors.

Rizwan JouharRizwan Jouhar, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.

Mohamad Syahrizal HalimMohamad Syahrizal Halim, Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Sayed A QuadriSayed A. Quadri, Division of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Muhammad Adeel AhmedMuhammad Adeel Ahmed, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objective: Methodology: This in-vitro study was performed for a period of eight months i.e from June 2024 to January 2025 at Universiti Sains Malaysia and King Faisal University Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia. The antimicrobial activity of MB and MB-rGO against Results: Turbidity was observed at lower concentrations (12.5 and 25 µg/mL), while higher concentrations showed complete inhibition. Methylene blue (MB) demonstrated MIC and MBC values of 66.67 ± 28.87 µg/mL and 266.67 ± 115.47 µg/mL, respectively, whereas MB-rGO exhibited more consistent values of 50.00 ± 0.00 µg/mL and 200.00 ± 0.00 µg/mL. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) between the groups. Conclusion: Methylene blue functionalized with reduced graphene oxide (MB-rGO) showed more consistent antibacterial activity under photoactivation, suggesting its potential as an enhanced antimicrobial agent against

Indexed as

Antibacterial activityEnterococcus faecalisGraphene oxideMBCMethylene blueMICPhotodynamic therapyRoot canal disinfection

Identifiers

PMID41244553

DOI10.12669/pjms.41.10.12576

PMCPMC12616320

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