ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences2025
Effect of particulate matter (PM
Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epidemiological trends of type 2 diabetes in Middle East and North Africa, 1990-2023: global burden of disease data analysis.International journal of public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM Methodology: This time trend longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from July 2024 to December 2024. This study investigated the death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYS) rates of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and total cancers caused by air pollution in the GCC region: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The data were collected from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 dataset from 1990 to 2021. Results: In GCC states, the highest rate of PM exposure in 2021 was in Qatar (56.95 per 100 people), whereas the lowest was in Oman (38.86 per 100 people). Qatar consistently achieved the highest decreases in death and DALY rates from 1990 to 2021. Among all the diseases, diabetes mellitus was the only one that presented an increase in deaths and DALYS in the GCC region from 1990 to 2021. Conclusion: The rising trend in air pollutant exposure is attributable to death and DALY rates in GCC countries. GCC states are at risk due to air pollution and associated with high mortality and DALY rates for different diseases.
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Registered trials
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