Association between depression and heart failure: A meta-analysis of cohort studies with 2.6 million participants.

Haiying Gu, Lu Zhu, Qiuxia Wang

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Haiying GuHaiying Gu, Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, P.R. China.

Lu ZhuLu Zhu, Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, P.R. China.

Qiuxia WangQiuxia Wang, Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, P.R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Depression is a widely prevalent mental disorder that has been linked to several systemic diseases. While a relationship has been established between depression and cardiovascular diseases, the risk of heart failure (HF) in depressed patients is unclear. Herein, we collated evidence from cohort studies to establish the link between depression and HF. Methodology: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched up to 28 July 2024 for cohort studies excluding baseline HF patients and reporting adjusted effect size of the association between depression and HF after a minimum follow-up of five years. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted. Results: Eleven studies with 2,635,205 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed that depression was a statistically significant risk factor for the development of HF (HR: 1.25 95% CI: 1.13, 1.38 I Conclusions: Very low quality of evidence suggests that there may be an association between depression and development of HF. Appropriate screening should be undertaken for early recognition of HF in patients with depression.

Indexed as

Cardiac failureCohortDepressionMental disordersPsychiatric disorders

Identifiers

PMID41244542

DOI10.12669/pjms.41.10.12723

PMCPMC12616329

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.