ArticleACS omega2025
Boron, Titanium, and Calcium Doped Graphene Monolayers for Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Detection: A Density Functional Theory Study.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains a critical public health concern, with early detection hindered by the limited sensitivity and invasiveness of conventional diagnostic techniques. Two-dimensional monolayer materials offer a promising alternative by enabling label-free, real-time, and noninvasive detection of disease-specific biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of doped graphene monolayers as biosensing platforms for two emerging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: glycine and d-serine. Using density functional theory, we investigated the adsorption behavior of these biomarkers on pristine graphene as well as boron-, titanium-, and calcium-doped graphene monolayers. Our results showed that calcium-doped graphene exhibits the most favorable sensing characteristics across multiple criteria. Glycine adsorption on calcium-doped graphene resulted in a recovery time of 0.170 s, indicating a rapid sensor response and high reversibility. Both biomarkers induced a semiconductor-to-metal transition, significantly enhancing electrical conductivity. Charge density and band structure analyses further revealed strong orbital interactions and substantial electronic modulation upon adsorption. These findings demonstrate that calcium-doped graphene is a promising candidate for the development of highly sensitive, reversible, and real-time biosensors for the early stage detection of Alzheimer's disease.
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