ArticleASM case reports2025
A fatal case of chronic
Article in ASM case reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Globally, cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains most common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. However, Case Summary: Here, we report a fatal case of CM in a patient previously treated with cladribine due to hairy cell leukemia. The patient had an atypical presentation, and the disease progressed slowly over a 4-year period, hampering timely diagnostics and treatment. Retrospective analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood revealed that the cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test was already positive when the patient initially presented with pleocytosis 3 years prior to the CM diagnosis. Conclusion: This case adds valuable knowledge to our current understanding of CM due to the unusual time course and furthermore demonstrates important pitfalls associated with cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients, including the atypical disease presentation and diagnostic challenges which resulted in a diagnostic delay of 3 years. Morbidity and mortality remain high, and with a growing population of non-HIV immunocompromised patients, increased awareness of CM and low threshold to screen these patients for CrAg are warranted.
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