ArticleNeurophotonics2026
How to design real-world functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies: a primer.
Article in Neurophotonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- NeuroCaptain v2 - Interactive Three-Dimensional fNIRS Optode and Probe Montage Design Platform Based on Blender.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Data-driven optimization of preschoolers' hemodynamic response in a VR setup: advancing analytic methods for children's fNIRS naturalistic data with the AICopt method.Neurophotonics · 2026Article
- Theatre-Neuroscience: a brief perspective on the use of neuroscientific techniques to measure interpersonal coordination and the sense of self in theatrical contexts.Oxford open neuroscience · 2026Article
- Learning with others: teacher-learner brain synchrony depends on mutual gaze and joint attention.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a unique neuroimaging methodology with high portability and tolerance of motion, making it well-suited to research in dynamic real-world environments. However, it is crucial to carefully design fNIRS paradigms to suit the unique requirements of real-world research settings. We outline key design principles and considerations for fNIRS studies. Aim: In this paper, we address the lack of guidance on experimental design for fNIRS, which in our growing field can help to educate new fNIRS researchers and improve the quality and applicability of fNIRS research across various settings. Approach: Here, we provide a primer for how to design fNIRS studies and overcome challenges in fNIRS experimental design, with a focus on naturalistic real-world research, which has gathered increased research interest in recent years. Conclusions: We conclude by outlining seven key design principles researchers can use to guide experimental design for fNIRS research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.