ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2025
Time-Series and Demographic Trends in Cosmetic Surgery: Multicenter Analysis of Double-eyelid Embedding in Japan.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The cosmetic surgery market has rapidly expanded owing to technological advancements and changes in aesthetic values. Minimally invasive procedures have gained substantial popularity among patients, with double-eyelid embedding being among the most common in Japan. This study used double-eyelid embedding as a model case to analyze market trends and demographics while evaluating the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic's secondary effects. We elucidated time-series trends and the demographic patterns of double-eyelid embedding procedures in Japan, providing insights into overall cosmetic surgery market trends. Methods: A retrospective multicenter analysis was conducted using data from 195,893 procedures performed between October 2020 and December 2024. Patient age, sex, occupation, and procedure date data were analyzed using autoregressive integrated moving average models and interrupted time-series analysis, incorporating multivariate regression to evaluate demographic impacts. Results: An analysis of 195,893 double-eyelid embedding cases revealed a peak in demand in March 2023 and marked seasonality. The primary patient demographic comprised women in their 20s, with high demand among students and young office workers. Following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, demand surged temporarily, then gradually stabilized over time, showing a downward trend. Time-series and multivariate analyses identified age, sex, and occupation as significant determinants of demand. Conclusions: This study highlighted the importance of demographic and seasonal factors that influence Japan's cosmetic surgery market. These findings contribute to improved clinical operations and marketing strategies, serving as a foundation for future research.
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