Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41243441›Full record

ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2026

The stability of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 in children aged 14-36 months with elevated likelihood for autism.

Sarah Schaubroeck, Ellen Demurie, Jannath Begum-Ali, Sven Bölte, Sofie Boterberg, Jan Buitelaar, Tony Charman, Terje Falck-Ytter, Sabine Hunnius, Mark H Johnson and 7 more

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Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Sarah SchaubroeckResearch in Developmental Diversity Lab (RIDDL), UGent, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-5094-2395
Ellen DemurieResearch in Developmental Diversity Lab (RIDDL), UGent, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Jannath Begum-AliCentre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.
Sven BölteCenter of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sofie BoterbergResearch in Developmental Diversity Lab (RIDDL), UGent, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Jan BuitelaarDepartment of Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Tony CharmanDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1993-6549
Terje Falck-YtterCenter of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sabine HunniusDonders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Mark H JohnsonCentre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.
Emily JonesCentre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.
Iris OosterlingKarakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Greg PascoCentre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.
Mirjam PijlKarakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Carlijn Van den BoomenExperimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Petra WarreynResearch in Developmental Diversity Lab (RIDDL), UGent, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Herbert RoeyersResearch in Developmental Diversity Lab (RIDDL), UGent, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Funding

Autism SpeaksEuropean Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and AssociationsFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 1215425NHorizon 2020 research and innovation programme 642990Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking 115300Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking 777394Marguerite-Marie Delacroix foundationMedical Research Council G0701484Medical Research Council MR/K021389/1Medical Research Council MR/T003057/1Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007 - 2013Simons Foundation Autism Research InitiativeWellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study investigated the stability of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) classifications in a cohort of 304 siblings at elevated likelihood for autism (EL-siblings).

methodsADOS-2 assessments were conducted at 14, 24 and 36 months, with Clinical Best Estimate (CBE) autism diagnoses determined at 36 months.

resultsOur findings indicate that while some children have stable ADOS-2 classifications from early on, a significant proportion of the children show inconsistent classifications over time. The overall stability of ADOS-2 autism spectrum classifications increased from 14 to 36 months and agreement with CBE autism clinical diagnosis was moderate and increased with age.

conclusionsCaution is warranted when interpreting individual ADOS-2 results, as they should always complement, and can never replace, a comprehensive clinical evaluation. These findings highlight the importance of continued follow-up beyond 14 months in young EL-children, a group for whom early assessment may be both feasible and beneficial and emphasises the need to integrate multiple assessment measures and multiple informants for accurate early autism identification.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleSiblingsADOSAutismdiagnosisEL‐siblingsstability

Identifiers

PMID41243441
PMCPMC13170631

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.