ArticleVeterinary ophthalmology2026
The White Coat Effect Influences Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Dogs: Comparing Tonometry Values Obtained in the Clinic Versus Home.
Article in Veterinary ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Order of Testing on Intraocular Pressure and Tear Production Measurement in Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Clinical Impact of Measurement Timing on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effects of Topical Omidenepag Isopropyl on Intraocular Pressure and Pupil Diameter in Normal Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- What Do Infrequent Goldmann Applanation Tonometry Measurements Reveal About Intraocular Pressure Profiles After Nonpenetrating Glaucoma Surgery?Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- The White Coat Effect Influences Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Dogs: Comparing Tonometry Values Obtained in the Clinic Versus Home.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Owner Obtained Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Canine Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: A Pilot Study in 14 Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the effect of clinic versus home environments on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in normotensive dogs. ANIMALS: Forty client-owned normotensive dogs.
methodsIn a prospective crossover study, 40 normotensive dogs were included following a complete ophthalmic examination. IOPs were measured in both eyes for each dog using a TonoVet rebound tonometer by a single observer. IOPs were measured in the clinic after the ophthalmic examination, and in the home upon initial entry by the observer (t = 0) and 10 min later (t = 10). Paired t-tests were performed to compare IOP in the clinic versus home and adjusted p < 0.05 followed by the Holm-Šídák correction were considered significant.
resultsMean IOP in the clinic (15.7 mmHg ±2.7) was significantly higher than mean IOP in the home at both t = 0 (14.2 mmHg ±2.2; p < 0.0001) and t = 10 (12.9 mmHg ±1.9; p < 0.0001). Mean IOP in the home at t = 0 (14.2 mmHg ±2.2) was significantly higher than mean IOP in the home at t = 10 (12.9 mmHg ±1.9; p = 0.0001). There was no significant effect of testing site sequence on IOP.
conclusionIOPs measured by tonometry in the clinic are elevated relative to IOPs obtained in the home, by up to 10 mmHg in one eye in this study. Changes in IOP may be rapid, as seen with the significant reduction in IOP over 10 min of acclimation in the home setting. Veterinarians should consider these findings when interpreting IOP values, especially in dogs that are stressed by the clinic environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.