ArticleVaccine2026
Impact of the bivalent COVID-19 booster on spike-specific t cell responses.
Article in Vaccine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the COVID-19 pandemic prompted updates to the original vaccines to improve immunogenicity against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Since 2022, vaccination guidelines introduced updated mRNA boosters, starting with a bivalent formulation that included the original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike sequences, which emerged in late 2021. In this study, we characterized the spike-specific T cell response following the bivalent booster vaccination in humans. We performed an in-depth profiling of T cells, assessing activation markers, cytokine production and the impact of previous COVID-19 infection in the response to different spike variants. Overall, our results are consistent with the bivalent booster having a limited influence on spike-T cell responses, with similar magnitude and functionality observed toward the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 variant and the ancestral spike. Nonetheless, the booster proved to be beneficial for immunocompetent individuals with poor or declining T cell responses, increasing the frequency of specific T cells in blood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.