Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41241690›Full record

Trial reportEuropean radiology experimental2025

SPIO-enhanced MRI for sentinel lymph node mapping in oral cancer: a prospective feasibility study.

Gijs T N Heldens, Daphne A J J Driessen, Tim Dijkema, Anne I J Arens, Patrik Zámecnik, Sjoert A H Pegge, Willem L J Weijs, Adriana C H van Engen-van Grunsven, Robert P Takes, Johannes H A M Kaanders and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European radiology experimental, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04803331 (Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Oral Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04803331 naunknown statusnot on this map

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Oral Cancer: a Feasibility Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorRadboud University Medical CenterRan2021 to 2023Enrolled10ConditionsHead and Neck Squamous Cell CarcinomaArmsSPIO-enhanced MRI
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gijs T N HeldensDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. gijs.heldens@radboudumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-7806
Daphne A J J DriessenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Tim DijkemaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Anne I J ArensDepartment of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Patrik ZámecnikDepartment of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Sjoert A H PeggeDepartment of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Willem L J WeijsDepartment of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Adriana C H van Engen-van GrunsvenDepartment of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Robert P TakesDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Johannes H A M KaandersDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Tom W J ScheenenDepartment of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Funding

KWF Kankerbestrijding 2021-2 / 14109Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Junior Research Grant 2017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatients with early-stage node-negative oral cancer undergo a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or elective neck dissection under general anesthesia. A noninvasive imaging alternative would be of great interest. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can visualize draining lymph nodes and potentially metastases. We investigated the optimal combination of SPIO injection and T2*-weighted MRI settings to identify the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), the lymphatic drainage pattern, and possibly to detect metastatic SLNs. MATERIALS AND

methodsSPIO nanoparticles were injected submucosally around the primary tongue tumor in ten patients after routine SLNB imaging with indocyanine green-[

resultsOne mg of iron was deemed a suitable dose after two dose alterations. All 25 SLNs observed on SPECT/CT in eight patients were also identified on MRI. Including higher echelons, 55 lymph nodes were seen on SPECT/CT, while 107 lymph nodes were seen on MRI. Eighteen lymph nodes showed a mixture of partial MRI signal attenuation and retention, which, when compared to histopathology, made discrimination between metastatic and nonmetastatic lymph nodes solely based on MRI impossible.

conclusionSPIO-enhanced T2*-weighted MRI is suitable for mapping SLNs and lymphatic drainage pattern, showing significantly more lymph nodes compared to SPECT/CT. Discriminating metastatic from nonmetastatic nodes does not seem feasible after SPIO injection.

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04803331. Registered 4 March 2021; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04803331 . RELEVANCE STATEMENT: SPIO-enhanced MRI seems noninferior to the current method of SLN detection with technetium, with better anatomical detail than SPECT/CT: if proven comparable, SPIO-enhanced MRI could be considered a nonradioactive alternative with higher spatial resolution to define lymphatic drainage of tumors. KEY POINTS: The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MRI in head and neck cancer is underassessed. SPIO-enhanced MRI detects nodal drainage patterns comparably to SPECT/CT. SPIO-enhanced MRI does not discriminate lymph node metastases from false positives.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingMouth NeoplasmsSentinel Lymph NodeAdultAgedFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansLymphatic MetastasisMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSentinel Lymph Node BiopsyLymphatic metastasisMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticlesMagnetic resonance imagingSingle photon emission computed tomography/computed tomographyTongue neoplasms

Identifiers

PMID41241690
PMCPMC12619859

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.