ReviewBritish journal of cancer2026
Complement system in tumor growth and metastases.
Review in British journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tumor cell-released autophagosome (TRAP) programs inflammatory CAFs to drive the immune-excluded TIME through C3a.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Tumour cell-intrinsic complement C1r and C1s regulate cancer cell fitness and shape the immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Intracellular complement Factor H promotes tumor progression through modulation of cell cycle and actin cytoskeleton.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Metachronous bilateral renal cancer with immune checkpoint blockade-mediated eradication of bone metastasis: case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Complement tumor-crosstalk: the role of C5a receptors in urothelial carcinomas.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The complement system plays a significant role in defending against pathogens and maintaining homeostasis in the host. Through complex, context-dependent mechanisms, the complement system interferes with nearly all hallmarks of cancer, either suppressing or promoting tumor growth. This review aims to analyze how the complement cascade and cell-intrinsic complement protein functions impact the metastatic process. We will discuss how complement contributes to local invasion and intravasation via epithelial-mesenchymal transition, affects tumor cell survival in circulation, extravasation, preparation of the pre-metastatic niche, colonization, and outgrowth at secondary sites. We present the rationale for targeting the complement cascade therapeutically, which is currently being tested in clinical trials with metastatic patients by either inhibiting or activating the cascade. As different therapeutic strategies enter clinical trials, we conclude with the importance of understanding the role of complement in each cancer type and subtype, as these roles may differ fundamentally, necessitating the validation of biomarkers to properly select patients for the appropriate clinical trials and combination therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.