ArticleThorax2026
Understanding the bidirectional relationship between chronic respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease using genetic evidence.
Article in Thorax, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading global health burdens. Despite being common, CRD and CVD comorbidity is often underestimated due to overlapping symptoms and risk factors. Consequently, their relationship remains unclear. AIMS AND
objectivesTo determine the bidirectional genetic relationship between CRD and CVD and explore smoking and inflammation as potentially shared joint risk factors.
methodsWe conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) to explore CRD-CVD relationships. Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies were retrieved for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischaemic stroke (IS). We performed additional analysis including univariable MR for smoking, multivariable MR adjusting for smoking and cis-MR to investigate the role of inflammatory markers.
resultsOur MR analysis found limited genetic evidence of relationships between CRD and CVD, and vice versa. However, a nominally significant genetic association was observed between asthma and an increased risk of AF (OR inverse-variance weighted (OR
conclusionsWhile we found limited genetic evidence linking CRD and CVD, smoking and inflammatory markers commonly affect both. These findings highlight the complexity of CRD-CVD comorbidities, whose pathophysiology likely does not involve direct causation of each other.
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