ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical sciences2026
Lipid-free, thermostable mRNA vaccines prepared using atomic layer deposition.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Atomic layer deposition for core-shell microparticle vaccines enabling programmable antigen delivery to lymph nodes enhance humoral immune responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- mRNA delivery of mosaic-8 pan-sarbecovirus RBD vaccines elicits distinct antibody epitope signatures.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Subunit vaccination using Atomic Layering Thermostable Antigen and Adjuvant (ALTAFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of mRNA vaccines have played a pivotal role in combatting SARS-CoV-2 infections and are expected to be a useful vaccine modality against other pathogens. However, the instability of mRNA-LNP vaccines requires their storage at temperatures below 0 °C and presents manufacturing challenges. We describe thermally stable, lipid-free mRNA vaccines prepared by spray-drying to embed mRNA within glassy polysaccharide microparticles, followed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to encapsulate the microparticles within protective alumina shells that provide temporally controlled antigen release and facilitate cellular uptake. Using mRNAs encoding for ovalbumin, the modified HIV envelope trimer protein N332-GT2, and green fluorescent protein (GFP), we show that alumina-coated microparticles containing lipid-free mRNA are internalized by cultured macrophages in vitro, elicit robust immune responses compared to LNP-based mRNA vaccines in vivo, and are stable when stored for 6 months at temperatures up to 40 °C. Thus, alumina-coated mRNA vaccines may overcome current limitations of mRNA-LNP vaccines without using LNPs or other lipid-based carriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.