Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41240221›Full record

ArticleCardiovascular drugs and therapy2026

GDF11 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching to Prevent Aortic Aneurysm Formation.

Xiang Su, Lulu Chen, Yihui Qiu, Yajing Yang, Bicheng Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. [Growth differentiation factor 11 attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytesNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiang Su *Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai Distict, Wenzhou City, 325000, P.R. China.
Lulu Chen *Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Nanbaixiang Town, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai, Wenzhou, P.R. China.
Yihui QiuDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai Distict, Wenzhou City, 325000, P.R. China.
Yajing YangDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai Distict, Wenzhou City, 325000, P.R. China.
Bicheng ChenDepartment of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang Town, Ouhai Distict, Wenzhou City, 325000, P.R. China. BichengChenWMU@163.com.ORCID 0009-0006-5805-9250

Funding

Science and Technology Program of Wenzhou Y20240108
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic aortic disease that currently lacks effective pharmacological treatments. Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily associated with cardiovascular diseases. Transcriptomic analysis of GSE57691 revealed significantly reduced GDF11 expression in AAA tissues, with further decline from early- to advanced-stage disease. GDF11 levels correlated negatively with IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9, and positively with ACTA2 and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling. In an Ang II-induced AAA model of ApoE

Indexed as

Aortic Aneurysm, AbdominalBone Morphogenetic ProteinsGrowth Differentiation FactorsMuscle, Smooth, VascularMyocytes, Smooth MuscleVascular RemodelingActinsAngiotensin IIAnimalsCells, CulturedDisease Models, AnimalHumansInflammation MediatorsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLActa2 protein, mouseActinsAngiotensin IIBone Morphogenetic ProteinsGDF11 protein, humanGdf11 protein, mouseGrowth Differentiation FactorsInflammation MediatorsSmad2 ProteinSmad2 protein, mouseSmad3 ProteinSmad3 protein, mouseTransforming Growth Factor betaAbdominal aortic aneurysmGrowth differentiation factor 11Matrix metalloproteinaseTransforming growth factor-beta

Identifiers

PMID41240221

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.