Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41239898›Full record

ArticleJournal of biomechanical engineering2026

Flexure-Based Locking Plates Can Modulate Interfragmentary Motion in Distal Femur and Diaphyseal Fractures: A Parametric Finite Element Analysis.

Connor Huxman, Gary Updegrove, April Armstrong, Hwabok Wee, Mary I Frecker, Jared Butler, Gregory S Lewis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomechanical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Finite element andFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Connor HuxmanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802.
Gary UpdegroveDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.
April ArmstrongDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.
Hwabok WeeDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.
Mary I FreckerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802.
Jared ButlerSchool of Engineering Design and Innovation, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802.
Gregory S LewisDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.

Funding

Fracture Fixation Biomechanics Simulator with Adaptive Virtual CoachingR01EB029207 · NIBIB · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI LEWIS, GREGORY STEPHEN, REID , JOHN SPENCE · 2020 to 2023
$1.2M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB029207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Axial interfragmentary motion is known to stimulate fracture healing. A mechanically compliant fracture fixation plate incorporating flexures is proposed to provide controlled axial micromotion to long bone fractures. To explore the concept's feasibility, computational modeling of general diaphyseal and distal femur fractures treated with both rigid and compliant plates is conducted. In Part I of this study, a diaphyseal fracture finite element model for novel compliant plates is validated against experimental data with good agreement. In Part II, a parametric analysis is conducted using the validated model to characterize the performance of many compliant plate designs with varying geometry and materials. Under axial loading, all compliant plate configurations provided greater (1.03 mm versus 0.22 mm) and more symmetric (270-390%) axial interfragmentary motion than rigid plates. Steel compliant plates with thicker flexures (0.3-0.6 mm) may provide the best performance given their enhanced motion and comparable bending/torsional rigidity. In Part III, compliant plates are adapted for use in treating distal femur fractures. Results demonstrate that compared to a rigid plate, a compliant distal femur plate with increased thickness can effectively modulate interfragmentary motion-that is, increase the insufficient near cortex motion under low loads (from 0.14 mm to 0.23 mm) and reduce the excessive far cortex motion under large loads (from 7.96 mm to 2.54 mm). Flexure-based locking plates represent a promising new approach to treating diaphyseal and/or distal femur fractures. Additional research is needed to investigate in vivo performance.

Indexed as

Bone PlatesDiaphysesFemoral FracturesFemurFinite Element AnalysisMechanical PhenomenaMotionBiomechanical PhenomenaHumansModels, Biologicalcompliant mechanismsdynamic platingfinite element analysisfracture fixationmicromotion

Identifiers

PMID41239898
PMCPMC12755169

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.