SynthesisBMC immunology2025
The effect of disrupted sleep on macrophage polarization: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.
Synthesis in BMC immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveBased on the bidirectional relationship between sleep and macrophages in healthy and diseased states, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of disrupted sleep on macrophage polarization.
methodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases up to October 2023, identifying English-language studies on disrupted sleep's effects on macrophage polarization. After screening and data extraction, the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated for M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory markers. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I-square (I
resultsThirteen studies were included. Results indicated that disrupted sleep significantly increased CD11c levels [SMD: 2.450, 95% CI: 1.517 to 3.383, I² = 11.7%], and decreased CD206 levels [SMD: -2.616, 95% CI: -4.911 to -0.321, I² = 83.3%]. The association between disrupted sleep and M1/M2 was uncertain, with sex identified as a potential source of heterogeneity. No publication bias or sensitivity was detected, which strengthens the reliability and robustness of the findings.
conclusionDisrupted sleep significantly influenced macrophage polarization towards a CD11c
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