Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41239152›Full record

ArticleSpine deformity2026

Longer operative time is associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis surgery.

Vivien Chan, Andy M Liu, Adeesya Gausper, Suhas Etigunta, Andrew Chan-Tai-Kong, Kenneth D Illingworth, Firoz Miyaji, David L Skaggs

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Spine deformity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Comparison of navigation and fluoroscopic assisted posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Vivien ChanSpine Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 444 S San Vicente Blvd, Ste 900, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. Vivien.Chan@cshs.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-4939
Andy M LiuSpine Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 444 S San Vicente Blvd, Ste 900, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
Adeesya GausperSpine Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 444 S San Vicente Blvd, Ste 900, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
Suhas EtiguntaSpine Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 444 S San Vicente Blvd, Ste 900, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
Andrew Chan-Tai-KongDivision of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Kenneth D IllingworthSpine Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 444 S San Vicente Blvd, Ste 900, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
Firoz MiyajiDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
David L SkaggsSpine Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 444 S San Vicente Blvd, Ste 900, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeLonger operative time has been associated with increased postoperative complications in various surgical specialties. This has not been studied in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis surgery. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between operative time and rates of adverse outcomes in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis surgery.

methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using the NSQIP pediatric database years 2016-2022. Patients were included in this study if they were under 18 years of age and received posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Revision surgery and anterior approaches were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was the rate of adverse events. Secondary outcomes were surgical site infection, allogeneic transfusion, and length of stay. Patient and surgical characteristics were described using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between operative time and adverse event, surgical site infection, allogeneic transfusion, and postoperative neurological deficit. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between operative time and length of stay. Adverse event rate, surgical site infection rate, transfusion rate, and mean length of stay were stratified by operative time (< 3 h, 3-5 h, 5-7 h, 7-9 h, > 9 h).

resultThere were 22,888 patients included in this study. Mean age was 14.4 years. Mean operative time was 4.5 h. The rate of adverse event increased with operative time (< 3 h: 0.5%; > 9 h: 3.2%). The rate of surgical site infection increased with operative time (< 3 h: 0.2%; > 9 h: 2.3%). The rate of allogeneic transfusion increased with operative time (< 3 h: 4.9%; > 9 h: 32.9%). The rate of postoperative neurological deficit increased with operative time (< 3 h: 0.2%; > 9 h: 5.0%). The mean length of stay increased with operative time (< 3 h: 3.2; > 9 h: 6.2). In adjusted regression analyses, controlling for number of surgical levels, three-column osteotomies, and pelvic instrumentation, each operative hour was associated with higher odds of adverse event (OR 1.18, p < 0.001), higher odds of surgical site infection (OR 1.14, p = 0.012), higher odds of allogeneic transfusion (OR = 1.41, p < 0.001), higher odds of postoperative neurological deficit (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001), and longer length of stay (B = 0.26, p < 0.001).

conclusionIncreasing operative time is associated with higher risk of adverse event, surgical site infection, transfusion, and longer length of stay. Surgical strategies that reduce operative time should be utilized to optimize outcomes.

Indexed as

Operative TimePostoperative ComplicationsScoliosisSpinal FusionAdolescentBlood TransfusionChildFemaleHumansLength of StayMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSurgical Wound InfectionTreatment OutcomeAdverse eventIdiopathic scoliosisInfectionLength of stayOperative timeOutcomePediatricRisk stratificationTransfusion

Identifiers

PMID41239152

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.