ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2026
Post-cranial Neurosurgery Cutibacterium acnes Infections: Clinical Correlates, Presentation, and Outcomes-A Matched Case-Case-Control Study.
Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionAlthough Cutibacterium acnes is considered a typical pathogen of postoperative central nervous system (CNS) infections, data on its role as a pathogen, remain limited. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap.
methodsA case-case-control study of adults with monomicrobial Cutibacterium acnes infections (CaIs) following nonspine neurosurgical procedures (2016-2024) (Cases I). These were individually matched (1:1:1) by age, year, and procedure type to individuals who did not develop infection (controls) and to individuals with aerobic bacterial infections (abIs; cases II). Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were implemented to assess clinical correlates for infection by either bacterial group, clinical presentation, and outcomes differences.
resultsCutibacterium acnes isolation predominantly reflected contamination (131/213, 62%), and ultimately 32 (15%) CaIs cases were included. Smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-9.97) was the only independent risk factor identified for CaIs. In contrast, nonelective procedure was identified as an independent risk factor for abIs (aOR 6.0, 95% CI 1.34-26.81, p = 0.019). CaIs commonly involved empyema (84% [27/32] versus 53% [17/32] with abIs, p = 0.014). Individuals with CaIs tended to follow a relatively indolent clinical course, were less likely to present with fever (aOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.68), and had favorable outcomes. When compared with CaIs, patients with abIs were less likely to achieve clinical cure at 90 days (aOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.001-0.41).
conclusionsAlthough no modifiable risk factors were identified, CaIs frequently caused empyema, were less likely to present with fever, and were associated with a favorable prognosis.
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