ArticleArchives of sexual behavior2025
Radiologically Assessed Sex-Specific Left-Hand Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Caucasian Children and Adolescents from South Germany.
Article in Archives of sexual behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The relative length of the 2nd (index) and 4th (ring) finger, i.e., digit ratio (or 2D:4D) is known to be different in males and females. Few radiologically assessed data on 2D:4D for children and adolescents are available. The aim of this study was to create a local database (MuC-2020) for the radiologically assessed sex-specific left-hand 2D:4D, and to compare this data to historical cohorts from three radiographic atlases of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. Therefore, left-hand X-ray images of 169 female and 199 male children and adolescents (age: 8-18 years) who presented at our endocrine unit in 2019 and 2020 mostly for reasons of predicting final height were analyzed. The 2D:4D ratio was calculated and compared with ratios determined from X-ray images of patients > 8 years of the atlases Greulich and Pyle (G&P, data from USA, 1936-1942), Gilsanz and Ratib (G&R, data from USA, 1980-2000), and Thiemann and Nitz (T&N, data from German Democratic Republic, 1977). Female individuals showed a higher 2D:4D ratio with a mean of 0.936 compared to males (0.919, p < 0.001). When comparing to historical data, the MuC-2020 2D:4D ratio significantly differed (females, G&P, p = 0.029; males, G&P p < 0.001, G&R, p = 0.018), with an overall increasing 2D:4D trend over time. The results of this analysis underpin the binarity of sex-specific left-hand 2D:4D in children and adolescents, and show differences to previously published cohorts suggesting an increasing 2D:4D ratio trend over the last decades. The underlying reasons are unknown, but environmental factors may be a reason (e.g., endocrine disrupting substances).
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