ArticleNature cancer2025
Characterization of the tumor microbiome of brain metastases and glioblastoma reveals tumor-type-specific and location-specific microbial signatures.
Article in Nature cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- The emerging role of microbiota in neuro-oncology.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Modeling cancer with bacteria-integrated tumor microenvironments using biomaterials: Emerging concepts and opportunities.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Review
- Critical assessment of intratumor and low-biomass microbiome using long-read sequencing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bacteria-related signals in brain metastases: evidence boundaries, tumor-microenvironment remodeling, and translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The intratumoral microbiome: a review of the tumor microenvironment's fourth axis shaping anti-tumor immunity, cancer prognosis, and therapeutic response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain metastases, present a notable clinical challenge. Recent research highlights the presence of intratumor bacteria across many tumor types, yet the microbiome of brain tumors remains largely underexplored. Here we show that the microbiome of 322 brain tumors differs markedly by tumor type and location. Using multiple approaches to visualize, culture and sequence bacterial communities, we found that brain metastases harbor higher bacterial richness and diversity than GBM, with distinct microbial compositions. Moreover, metastases in posterior brain regions exhibited greater diversity than those in anterior regions. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of bacterial metabolic pathways associated with tumor spread and metastasis in brain metastases while GBM was enriched with pathways supporting alternative phosphorus use. These findings provide valuable insights into the microbial landscape of brain tumors, highlighting tumor-type-specific and location-specific variation and suggesting potential roles for bacteria in brain tumor biology.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.