Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41237447›Full record

Trial reportJournal of diabetes and its complications2026

Associations of modifiable lifestyle and clinical factors with cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Anahita Golchin, Karen C Johnson, Denise K Houston, Jose A Luchsinger, Kristen M Beavers, Alain G Bertoni, Haiying Chen, Lynne Wagenknecht, Mark A Espeland, Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Aging Study Group

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00017953 (Look AHEAD), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00017953 nacompletednot on this map

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorWake Forest University Health SciencesRan2001 to 2020Enrolled5,145ConditionsDiabetes, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Kidney DiseasesArmsLifestyle Intervention, Diabetes Support and Education
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Does lifestyle intervention lower clinically significant cognitive impairment risk?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anahita GolchinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: Anahita.Golchin@advocatehealth.org.
Karen C JohnsonDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address: kjohnson@uthsc.edu.
Denise K HoustonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: Denise.Houston@advocatehealth.org.
Jose A LuchsingerDepartments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: jal94@cumc.columbia.edu.
Kristen M BeaversDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: Kristen.Beavers@advocatehealth.org.
Alain G BertoniDivision of Public Health Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: Alain.Bertoni@advocatehealth.org.
Haiying ChenDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: Haiying.Chen@advocatehealth.org.
Lynne WagenknechtDivision of Public Health Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: Lynne.Wagenknecht@advocatehealth.org.
Mark A EspelandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: Mark.Espeland@advocatehealth.org.
Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Aging Study Group

Funding

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in DiabetesU01DK057136 · NIDDK · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ESPELAND, MARK ANDREW, WAGENKNECHT, LYNNE E · 1999 to 2020
$54.9M
Long-term impact of random assignment to intensive lifestyle intervention on Alzheimers disease and related dementias: The Action for Health in Diabetes ADRD Study (Look AHEAD-MIND)R01AG058571 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ESPELAND, MARK ANDREW, HAYDEN, KATHLEEN M · 2018 to 2021
$8.4M
LA-Aging Diversity SupplementU01AG073697 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ESPELAND, MARK ANDREW, WAGENKNECHT, LYNNE E · 2021 to 2025
$7.1M
Intentional weight reduction and physical and cognitive functionR01AG033087 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KRITCHEVSKY, STEPHEN B. · 2009 to 2013
$4.0M
Action for Health in Diabetes Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ancillary StudyR01DK092237 · NIDDK · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ESPELAND, MARK ANDREW · 2011 to 2014
$3.6M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033087NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058571NIA NIH HHS U01 AG073697NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK092237NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK057136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsType 2 diabetes and obesity accelerate cognitive decline. Maintaining salutary levels of multiple lifestyle and clinical risk factors might be expected to protect against this. We examined whether healthier levels of adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and diabetes control were associated with better cognitive functioning.

methodsData are from the Action for Health in Diabetes clinical trial of adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Standardized measures of body mass indices, percent body fat, objective and self-reported physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and HbA1c were collected across 4 and 8 years. Associations between healthier versus less healthy levels (categorized based on ± one standard deviation from the cohort mean) of these measures with subsequent standardized (z-scores) assessments of cognitive function were assessed using linear regression.

resultsAmong 3723 participants, high versus low cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with 0.08 to 0.13 standard deviation better global cognitive function, executive function, and attention (p < 0.001). Lower versus high HbA1c was associated with 0.17 to 0.22 standard deviation better cognitive function for all domains (p < 0.001). Associations that fitness and HbA1c had with cognitive function were independent and additive. No significant associations with cognitive function were found for physical activity or adiposity.

conclusionsMaintaining greater cardiorespiratory fitness and better diabetes control may protect cognitive function in type 2 diabetes. CLINICALTRIALS: GOVIDENTIFIER: NCT00017953.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Life StyleAdiposityAdultAgedBody Mass IndexCardiorespiratory FitnessExerciseFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanAdiposityCardiorespiratory fitnessDiabetes controlPhysical activity

Identifiers

PMID41237447
PMCPMC13312323

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.