Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41236699›Full record

ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026

Green-synthesized Tio₂ Nanoparticles for Sunscreen: Eco-Friendly Approach to Spf Enhancement.

Pasupathi Murugesan, Saravanan Kamalakannan, Kumar Thangarathinam, Natarajan Balasubramanian

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Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Pasupathi MurugesanDepartment of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India.
Saravanan KamalakannanDepartment of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India.
Kumar ThangarathinamCavinkare Private Limited, Chennai, 600032, India.
Natarajan BalasubramanianDepartment of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India. natarajb@srmist.edu.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1401-1427

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the potential of green-synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) derived from herbal extracts-namely Camellia sinensis (Green Tea), Eclipta prostrata (Bhringraj), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon)-for enhancing the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in sunscreen formulations. Addressing the environmental and toxicity concerns associated with conventionally synthesized TiO₂ NPs, this eco-friendly approach offers a sustainable and effective alternative for cosmetic applications without compromising efficacy. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and then incorporated into oil-in-water emulsions containing 5% homosalate. In vitro SPF was measured using the Labsphere UV-2000S system, while formulation stability was assessed via pH monitoring, rheological behavior, and accelerated centrifugation using the LUMiSizer. Statistical analysis, including one-way ANOVA and effect size metrics (η

Indexed as

Green Chemistry TechnologyMetal NanoparticlesNanoparticlesSun Protection FactorSunscreening AgentsTitaniumPlant ExtractsPlant ExtractsSunscreening AgentsTitaniumtitanium dioxideCinnamon and SunscreenGreen tea, Bhringraj, LicoriceTiO2 Nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID41236699

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.