Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41236687›Full record

ArticleBiochemical genetics2026

Evaluation of Immune Gene Expression Reveals Immunomodulatory Activity of Chlorella vulgaris in a Mouse Model.

Dexter Miller Robben, Zarina Amin, Cahyo Budiman, Vijay Subbiah Kumar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biochemical genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Green Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles UsingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Dexter Miller RobbenBiotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Zarina AminBiotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Cahyo BudimanBiotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Vijay Subbiah KumarBiotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. vijay@ums.edu.my.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular freshwater microalga, is widely recognised as a functional food and supplement with immunomodulatory properties attributed to its bioactive components. These bioactive components include proteins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, pigments, and antioxidants. Nonetheless, a comprehensive gene-expression profile related to the innate and adaptive immune responses of C. vulgaris supplementation is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of C. vulgaris in a mouse model through the oral administration of C. vulgaris biomass into BALB/c mice. Seven days after the oral administration, spleen tissues were analysed via a qPCR array to assess the expression of 84 genes related to the innate and adaptive immune response. Results show a significant upregulation (fold change > 2.0) of seven essential immune genes, such as Irf7, Mpo, Stat1, Tlr6, Tlr7, Tlr9, and Tyk2. In contrast, five immune-related genes, including Ccl5, Ccr6, Csf2, Myd88, and Rorc, were significantly downregulated (fold change <-2.0). These results show a comprehensive immune-gene expression profile elicited following seven days after the oral administration of C. vulgaris in mice. This work offers novel insights into the immunomodulatory properties of C. vulgaris through the immune gene expression profile it exhibited and underscores its known potential as an alternative therapy to boost immunity in various health conditions.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityChlorella vulgarisGene Expression RegulationImmunity, InnateImmunologic FactorsAnimalsMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CSpleenImmunologic FactorsAdaptive immunityChlorella vulgarisImmune responseImmunomodulationInnate immunity

Identifiers

PMID41236687
PMCPMC13388645

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.