Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41236154›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

All-Hydrogel-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Implantable Physiological Signal Monitoring.

Qicheng Liang, Yue Wang, Ruizhe Wang, Wanfang Zhang, Runcheng Hao, Yueheng Zhong, Jingling Zhang, Xiang Li, Weichu Chen, Chunyu Fan and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Qicheng LiangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7832-440X
Yue WangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Ruizhe WangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4642-2430
Wanfang ZhangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Runcheng HaoState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Yueheng ZhongState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-2989
Jingling ZhangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0207-4148
Xiang LiState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0293-7503
Weichu ChenState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7110-6813
Chunyu FanState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Yuwen ZhuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Yu SunDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Hong JiangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Hengda SunState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Gang WangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-4887

Funding

DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program LZB2025002Emerging Interdisciplinary Research Specialized Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission 2022JC024Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2232024Y-01Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2232025A-06Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China 2024CXGC010411National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFC3603500National Key R&D Program of China 2024YFF0508600National Natural Science Foundation of China 52173156National Natural Science Foundation of China 52373282National Natural Science Foundation of China 82471280National Natural Science Foundation of China W2511092Pujiang Project of the Shanghai Magnolia Talent Program 24PJD001Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 23Y11908100Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 23ZR1402000Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 24520713100Taishan Industrial Experts Programme Special Funding tscx202408117
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are an advanced technology for interfacing with biology, capable of efficiently transducing ionic currents into amplified electronic signals at low operating voltages. However, their clinical potential is critically undermined by the mechanical mismatch between conventional device materials and soft tissues. This fundamental limitation is resolved by developing a versatile all-hydrogel-based OECT, which is made possible by a novel n-type depletion-mode semiconductor hydrogel. Fabricated via an ionic liquid-mediated phase separation of poly(benzodifurandione)/polyacrylamide, the material uniquely combines efficient ion-electron coupled transport with tissue-like softness. This fully compliant architecture delivers a high transconductance of 43 mS, remains stable over 1500 bending cycles, and shows excellent biocompatibility. The devices enable real-time monitoring of human electrocardiography/electrooculogram (ECG/EOG) signals on the skin and long-term subcutaneous recording of nociceptive/ECG signals in rats. This study provides a robust materials and device strategy, establishing a versatile platform for multimodal physiological signal monitoring, pain assessment, cardiovascular health evaluation, and implantable precision bioelectronic therapy.

Indexed as

HydrogelsTransistors, ElectronicAnimalsElectrocardiographyHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicRatsHydrogelsimplantable bioelectronicsn‐type semiconductor hydrogelorganic electrochemical transistorphysiological signal monitoring

Identifiers

PMID41236154
PMCPMC13042953

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.