ArticleWater science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research2025
Influence of operating state of a pilot-scale ultrafiltration system on virus removal for potable water reuse.
Article in Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are widely used in potable water reuse, but their virus removal capabilities can be underestimated due to operational variability and membrane damage over time. This study evaluates the log reduction values (LRVs) of a pilot-scale UF system continuously processing tertiary treated wastewater, focusing on a compromised membrane. Virus removal was assessed under various operational states, including physical backwash (PBW) and chemically enhanced backwash (CEB). Samples were collected after CEB, before PBW, and after PBW. Indigenous viruses such as AiV, NoVGII, enteric AdV, PMMoV, CGMMV, and crAssphage were quantified using (RT-)qPCR, alongside spiked MS2 bacteriophage. A laboratory-scale study examined the synergistic effects of hydraulic and chemical stresses, with deteriorated membrane fibers analyzed through field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), SEM equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and liquid-liquid displacement porometry (LLDP). Despite structural damage and fouling observed in compromised fibers, the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant differences (
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