ArticleJournal of gastroenterology and hepatology2026
Outcomes of Sequential Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Retreatment After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term follow-up of a phase 1/2 trial of anti-GDF-15 antibody visugromab plus anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab in anti-PD-1/-L1 relapsed/refractory solid tumors.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Trial
- Performance of risk models in predicting outcomes of atezolizumab and bevacizumab therapy.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Outcomes of Sequential Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Retreatment After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Three-year overall survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.Hepatology international · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimData on sequential immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) retreatment following initial atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez + Bev) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential ICI retreatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).
methodsOf 835 patients with uHCC treated with Atez + Bev, 75 who underwent ICI retreatment after initial Atez + Bev therapy were included in this multicenter retrospective study that assessed the efficacy and safety of ICIs.
resultsThe participants received one of three sequential retreatments with ICI regimens: durvalumab plus tremelimumab (n = 58), retreatment with Atez + Bev (n = 15), and durvalumab monotherapy (n = 2). The objective response rates (ORRs)/disease control rates (DCRs) for the initial Atez + Bev and sequential ICI retreatment were 34.7%/89.3% and 18.7%/54.7%, respectively. No significant differences in antitumor response were observed among the three ICI retreatment regimens. Patients who achieved a good antitumor response (≥ stable disease) following retreatment showed a significantly longer overall survival. Multivariate analysis identified prior objective response to Atez + Bev as an independent predictor of disease control after retreatment (odds ratio: 3.79, p = 0.016). Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) requiring corticosteroids occurred in 26.7% of the patients during ICI retreatment, with enterocolitis and rash being the most common. The recurrence rate of irAEs was 15.4% in patients with previous steroid-requiring irAEs.
conclusionsSequential ICI retreatment may be a viable therapeutic option for selected patients with uHCC, particularly those with a favorable response to prior Atez + Bev. Although less effective than first-line therapy, careful patient selection and monitoring ensure efficacy with acceptable safety.
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